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Post-Remediation Verification (PRV) of Mold / Bacteria Remediation Projects - Risk-Based Levels of Cleanliness Assurance- 2nd Edition
TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1. WHAT IS POST-REMEDIATION VERIFICATION (PRV)?

___A. Where Did the Concept of Clearance Testing Come From?
___B. Similarities to Asbestos Abatement
___C. Dissimilarities Between Lead Abatement and Mold Remediation
___D. How Mold / Bacteria Remediation PRV Differs from Asbestos and Lead Clearance Testing
___E. Why Do PRV for Mold Remediation Jobs?


CHAPTER 2. POST-REMEDIATION VERIFICATION STANDARDS FOR MOLD & BACTERIA

__Trade Associations

___A. Institute for Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification (IICRC) S500 (1991)
___B. Institute for Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification (IICRC) S520 (2004)
___C. American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) 2004 Document
___D. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) 1999 Document
___E. National Air Duct Cleaners Association (NADCA) ACR 2005
___F. International Society of Indoor Air Quality Guidelines (ISIAQ) (1996)

_Governmental Bodies

___G. Federal Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 2001 Guidlines
___H. New York City Department of Health (NYCDOH) 1994/2002 Document
___I. Texas Department of Health (TDH) 2004 Regulation


CHAPTER 3. SUMMARY OF VARIOUS PRV STANDARDS

___A. Requirements for PRV
___B. Visual Inspection
___C. Air Sampling and/or Surface Sampling
___D. Correction of the Water Source
___E. Inspection of the Work-In-Progress
___F. Mold Odor Abatement
___G. Moisture Level Control
___H. The Use of Biocides
___I. Re-inspection After Restoration is Complete
___J. Considerations Given to High-Risk Occupant Populations
___K. Summary of Recommended Post-Remediation Verification Criteria


CHAPTER 4. OBJECTIVES OF MOLD / BACTERIA PRV

___A. Documentation of the Completion of a Small-Scale Microbial Remediation Project
___B. Documentation of Airborne Mold Spore Levels Being Normal
___C. Documentation of Removal of Mold Contamination on Surfaces
___D. Documentation of Bacteria Disinfection and Removal
___E. Documentation of Health-Based Remediation Acceptability
______1. Symptomatic Occupants
______2. Infection Risk Occupants


CHAPTER 5. POST-REMEDIATION VERIFICATION LEVELS

___A. PRV Level 0-A—Visual Inspection
___B. PRV Level 0-B—Visual Inspection with Documentation
___C. PRV Level 1—Clearance of Mold Remediation Projects for "Typical" Conditions
___D. PRV Level 2—Clearance of Mold Remediation Projects for Persons Reporting Generalized Symptoms
___E. PRV Level 3—Clearance of Mold Remediation Projects for Highly Sensitive Individuals
___F. PRV Level 4—Clearance of Mold Remediation Projects in a Hospital


CHAPTER 6. POST-REMEDIATION VERIFICATION DOCUMENTATION PROTOCOLS

___A. Begin at the Beginning (If Possible)—Contractual Definition of Clearance
___B. Pre-Remediation Inspection
______1. Identification of the Source of Water / Moisture
______2. Pre-Remediation Air Testing
______3. What About Getting Involved in a Project Half-way Through?
___C. Development of a Scope of Work
______1. Filtered Dedicated Make-up Air
___D. Moisture Testing—Removal of Water / Moisture
___E. Correction of the Water / Moisture Source?
___F. Inspection / Documentation During Remediation
___G. Visual Inspection
______1. Definitions of Visibly Clean in Existing Standards
______2. Visual Inspection Condition Comparison—Clean Room Versus Mold Remediation
______3. Eye Sight Testing
___H. Analytical Clearance Testing
______1. Conditions During Clearance Testing
________a. Sample at Least 7 Days After the Start of a Major Water Intrustion
________b. Optimum Time of Day for Sampling
________c. Should Dehumidifiers Be Off During Clearance Testing?
________d. Should A Dehumidification Units Be On or Off During PRV and Analytical Clearance Air Testing?
________e. Should HEPA Air Scrubbers Be On or Off During Analytical Clearance Air Testing?
______2. Aggressive Air Sampling
________a. Varying Levels of Cleanliness Assurance
________b. Potential Sampling Bias
________c. Potential Sampling Complications
________d. Cautions for High-Risk Environments
________e. Not Applicable to New Housing Construction?
________f. What Evaluation Standard to Use
______3. Passive Air Sampling
________a. The Need for 24 Hours of Air Infiltration
________b. Properly Shutting Off the NAMs
________c. Reestablishment of Normal Building Air Flow and Pressure Differentials
__I. Air Testing—Viable and Total Spore Sampling
______1. Percent Viability (Culturable) Comparisons
______2. Comparing Total Mold Spore Genera is Scientifically Inaccurate
________a. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Sampling and Analysis
________3. Increased Statistical Significance
__J. Surface Testing
______1. Tape Samples
______2. Swab Samples
________a. Fungal Sampling
________b. Bacteria Sample
__K. Mold Spore Analysis of Surface Dust
__L. Surface Dust Clearance Level Testing for Ductwork
__M. Bacteria Clearance Level Testing
______1. Surface
______2. Air Testing
__N. Endotoxin Testing
__O. Fecal Steroids


CHAPTER 7. ANALYTICAL CLEARANCE TESTING—CLEANLINESS STANDARDS

__A. Air Clearance Testing Standards
______1. Comparative and Rank Order Standards
______2. Clearance Level Exposure Standards for Viable Mold Spores
________a. Normal Levels of Mold Spores in Homes and Commercial Buildings
________b. Ceiling Limits for Hospitals & Other Susceptible-Occupant Environments
______3. Level Exposure Standards for Total Mold Spores
________a. Limitations of Total Mold Spore Laboratory Analysis
______4. Clearance Level Exposure Standards for Bacteria
______5. Clearance Level Exposure Standards for Bacterial Endotoxins
______6. Federal Clean Room Particulate Standards
__B. Surface Dust Testing Standards for Ductwork
______1. NADCA
__C. Surface Dust Fungal Spore Clearance Testing Standards
______1. mgc©—Occupational Safety & Health Consulting
______2. Canada—Normal Versus Contaminated Houses
______3. Germany
______4. OSHA
__D. Surface Bacteria Standards
______1. European Union Clean Room Standards
__E. Analytical Clearance Testing Issues
______1. Effects of Weather and Geographical Location
______2. Wintertime Projects
______3. Sampling a Room with Carpeting
______4. School Buildings
______5. Buildings with Other Mold Contamination Problems
______6. Indoor Plants
______7. Pets


CHAPTER 8. THE STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES OF SMALL SET SAMPLING

__A. Air Sampling Statistics
______1. Development of Log-Normal, Small Sample Size, Confidence Level Statistics
________a. The Desired Confidence Level
________b. The Normalized Average of the Sampling Results
__________i. What is Normalized Data?
__________ii. What is the Normalized Average?
________c. The Geometric Standard Deviation
__________i. The Log-Normalized Average of the Sampling Results
__________ii. The Standard Deviation of the Log-Normalized Average of the Sampling Results
__________iii. The Geometric Standard Deviation (GSD)
______2. Determining the Minimum Number of Samples to Establish Statistical Significance
______3. The Establishment of the "50% of Normal Mold Spore Levels" as a Clearance Criteria
______4. Determining Whether Clearance Air Monitoring Data is Statistically Significant
______5. Example Calculation of Statistical Significance for Clearance Testing of Mold Spores
__B. Surface Sampling Statistics
______1. Sampling Tables for Various Acceptable Quality Levels (AQLs)
______2. Example Calculation of Statistcial Significance for Surface Clearance Testing of Mold Spores
__C. Should One Use a Student's T-Test Statistic?


CHAPTER 9. WHO SHOULD BE PERFORMING PRV?

__A. The Use of Qualified Individuals
__B. The Use of Qualified Analysis Laboratories
__C. The Use of Calibrated Equipment
__D. There Should Be No Conflict of Interest Between the IEP and the Remediation Firm
__E. Should a Remediation Contractor Do Their Own PRV Testing?
__F. Who Should Hire the IEP?
__G. Should an IEP/Remediation Contractor Analyze Their Own Samples?

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1: Selection and Use of Biocides

APPENDIX 2: Selection and Use of Mold-Retarding Encapsulants, Coatings, and Paints

APPENDIX 3: Sample Post-Remediation Verification Level Checklists

APPENDIX 4: Sample Infection Control Risk Assesment Procedures

APPENDIX 5: 95% Confidence Level Analysis Graphs

APPENDIX 6: PRV Selection Flowchart

BIBLIOGRAPHY (over 140 references!)